Grammar - The verb
The
verb
Verb is
a very important constituent in a sentence because we can’t write a sentence
with a complete sense without a verb.
There are two classes of
Verbs
They are
Auxiliary verbs & Ordinary verbs
Auxiliary verbs
to be
to do
to have
can, could
may, might
must
ought
shall, should
will, would
to need
to dare
used
Ordinary verbs
They express an action
to work
to sing
to study
to eat
to teach
to run
Let’s talk more about
the auxiliary verbs first
What are auxiliary verbs
and what do they do in a sentence?
Let’s learn
Auxiliary verbs
to be
be
was
been
being
Auxiliary
to be
is used
To say something about somebody or something
or
To ask something about somebody or something
They
just say people and things are
Something
When speaking about someone or something in the present
Auxiliary
to be
am
is
are
Look
at the following examples
I am a farmer.
Sirisena is a farmer.
Sirisena and Gunapala are farmers.
All these sentences say something about the subject
If the
Subject - I - am
Subject singular - He
She
It
The boy - is
The teacher
The table
The bird
Subject plural - We
You
They
The boys - are
The teachers
The tables
The birds
When we use the verb to be
a compliment
comes after the verb
be
Compliment can be
either a noun/ noun phrase or an
adjective or an adverbial
More Examples
When the compliment is a noun or a noun phrase
I am a teacher.
I am Samanali
You are a good boy.
He is a doctor.
She is my class teacher.
It is an interesting book.
It is my pet dog.
We are friends.
You are my students.
They are parents.
They are my pens.
They are beautiful
birds
Pavan is a doctor.
Mrs. Perera is my class teacher.
Harry Potter is an interesting book.
Tommy is my pet dog.
Samanali and Vihangi are friends.
Those boys are my students.
Mr. and Mrs. Silva are parents of Samanali.
Peacocks are beautiful birds.
When the compliment is
a an adjective
I am tired.
You are nice.
He is honest.
She is clever.
We are happy.
You are smart.
They are happy.
Vihanga is tired.
Vihangi is nice.
The wood man is honest.
My sister is clever.
My dog is playful.
Pahan and Pavan are happy.
My friensds are smart.
The teachers are happy.
Those books are interesting.
When the compliment is
a an adverbial
I am in the
class.
You are in the
class B.
He is at the
bus stop.
She is under the
tree.
We are in the
library.
You are down
stairs.
They are at
office.
Ravi is in the
office.
Raveena is in the
science class.
The lottery seller is at the
bus stop.
Postman is at the
gate.
The students are in the
main hall.
The birds are in the
tree.
The clerks are at the
office.
When asking about someone or something in the present
Am I a farmer?
Yes, you are a farmer.
Is Sirisena a farmer?
Yes, Sirisena is a farmer?
Are they farmers?
Yes, they are farmers.
Is he a rich man?
No, he is not a rich man.
All these sentences ask something about the subject
Am I a teacher?
Are you a good boy?
Is he a doctor?
Is she my class teacher?
Is it an interesting book?
Is it my pet dog?
Are we friends?
Are you my students?
Are they parents?
Are they my pens?
Are they beautiful birds?
Is Mrs. Perera my class
teacher?
Is Harry Potter an interesting book?
Is Tommy my pet dog?
Are Samanali and Vihangi friends?
Are Those boys my students?
Are Mr. and Mrs. Silva parents of Samanali?
Are Peacocks beautiful birds?
Am I nice?
Are you tired?
Is he honest?
Is she clever?
Are we happy?
Are you smart?
Are they happy?
Auxiliary
to be
is
was
were
Look
at the following example
I was a student then.
But now
I am not a student.
Piyal was a farmer before.
But now
he is a businessman.
Sirisena and Gunapala were very poor those days.
But now
they have succeeded in their business and are rich.
Sirisena was very happy when he got the plot of land.
He got
the plot of land last year.
Gunapala was in the field last evening.
But now
he may not be there
All these sentences say something about the subject
If the
Subject - I - was
Subject singular - He
She
It
The boy - was
The teacher
The table
The bird
Subject plural - We
You
They
The boys
- were
The teachers
The tables
The birds
When we use the verb to be a
compliment
comes after the verb be
Compliment can be
either a noun or an
adjective or an adverbial
More Examples
When the compliment is a noun
I was a
teacher.
You were a
good boy.
He was a
doctor.
She was my
class teacher.
It was an
interesting book.
It was
my pet dog.
We were friends.
You were my
students.
They were parents.
They were my
pens.
They were beautiful
birds.
Pavan was a doctor.
Mrs. Perera was my class teacher.
The book Harry Potter was in the cupboard.
Tommy was my
pet dog.
Samanali and Vihangi were friends.
Those boys were my
students.
Mr. and Mrs. Silva were teachers.
When the compliment is an
adjective
I was tired.
You were nice.
He was honest.
She was
clever.
We were happy.
You were smart.
They were worried.
Vihanga was exhausted.
Vihangi was shy.
The wood man was honest.
My sister was
clever.
My dog was playful.
Pahan and Pavan were happy.
My friensds were smart.
The teachers were happy.
Those books were interesting.
When the compliment is an
adverbial
I was in the class.
You were in the class B.
He was at the bus stop.
She was
under the tree.
We were in the library.
You were down stairs.
They were at office.
Ravi was in the office.
Raveena was in the science class.
The lottery seller was at the bus stop.
Postman was
at the gate.
The students were in the main hall.
The birds were in the tree.
The clerks were at the office.
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