Grammar - Grade 10 - Connectives

Connectives

In this lesson we are going to learn the following connectives

although / though / even though

in spite of / despite/while/whenever

 

Look at the following example:



Last week Samanali and Kurulu had a holiday by the sea.

 It rained a lot. 

They enjoyed themselves.


The idea given in the two sentences,

It rained a lot.

They enjoyed themselves.


We can also expressed as:

It rained a lot, but they enjoyed themselves.

Now the two ideas  are in a single sentence. 

However, here we are

joining two contrasting or opposing ideas together

and  expressing it in a single sentence.

 

There are also

other ways

that we can express this same idea,

It rained a lot, but they enjoyed themselves.


There are other connectives that we can replace but

Therefore we can also say,

Though it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.
Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.
 Even though it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves
In spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves.
Despite   the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

Here

Though
Although
 Even though  
In spite of
Despite

are


Connectives

They connect two
opposing  or contrasting
ideas together

 

Look at t another example

 


It was very dangerous.

She did not stop climbing the cliff

Though it was very dangerous, she did not stop climbing the cliff.

 

After
 Though   / Although
 
we use a
subject + verb

 

Examples

Although many people skip breakfast, it is the most important meal of the day.

                              subject + verb


We can also say,

Breakfast is the most important meal of the day although many people skip it.

 

But when the connective is used at the beginning of the sentence a comma is used to separate the two ideas.

 

We do not know how to prepare laddu although we have tasted it.

Although we have tasted it, we do not know how to prepare laddu.

 

Although it takes time, Sita enjoys preparing kurakkan pittu.

Sita enjoys preparing kurakkan pittu although it takes time.

 

Even though
 is the stronger form of
Although

Even though she was tired she could not sleep

 

 

After
 in spite of    / despite
 we use a
a noun / a pronoun/ verb+ing 

 this
that
what

Look at the following example

 

In spite of the traffic he managed to come home.

In spite of the boredom she followed the lecture.

In spite of the heat they worked hard.

In spite of the heavy work load Mr. John had a nap in the office.

 

Little Vihanga wasn’t well, but in spite of this he played with his toys.

      In spite of what we do our mothers love us.  

Samanali had broken her leg, but in spite of this she worked on her project.

 

Pahan didn't stop travelling by train to work in spite of having a broken leg.

Vihangi didn't get the job in spite of having necessary qualifications.

 

 

Despite 
 is the same as in
In spite of

 

We say In spite of   but not Despite of. It is Despite without of

 

Vihangi didn't get the job in spite of having necessary qualifications.

Despite having necessary qualifications, Vihangi didn't get the job.

 

Let’s see how while us used

Look at the following statement,

Some people waste food, but others haven't enough.

We can give the same idea using while

 

Some people waste food, while others haven't enough.

 

While
also can also mean
Although
and is usually placed at the beginning of a sentence

 

Although we enjoy the comforts of life some other children work hard for their living.

 

While we enjoy the comforts of life some other children work hard for their living.


Whenever

gives the meaning

 every time or any time

 

Kurulu’s mother goes to the fair with Kurulu.

She buys candy for her.

 

Whenever Kurulu’s mother goes to the fair with Kurulu, she buys candy for her.

 

Whenever can be used in the middle of the sentence but a comma is used to separate the two ideas,

 

example:

Pahan flies kites

He goes to the beach.

Pahan flies kites, whenever he goes to the beach.

 

 Now join the following pairs of sentences using a suitable connectives 

 

 It is difficult to prepare kurakkan pittu.
Many people prefer eating them. 

 

It was raining heavily.
She enjoyed playing out in her garden. 

 

She was playing her guitar well.
Nobody passing her gave her a cent.

 

He continued his singing.
Others were laughing at him.

 

The car was badly damaged.
The driver survived. 

 

Samanali visits her grandmother.

She asks her grandmother to relate s stories.

 

Do the following activities

Activity1

Complete the sentences below with although - despite - in spite of.

 

  1. ___________ the weather was bad, we enjoyed our trip.
  2.  The children slept well ____________ the noise.
  3. ________________ earning a low salary, Linda gave money to her parents.
  4. Samanala rarely sees Vihanga ___________ they live in the same town.
  5. Kumudu failed the exam ____________ of working very hard. 
  6. _______ it was cold, she didn't put on her coat.
  7. Pahan went to work _______not feeling very well.
  8. Samanali never learned the language ___________ she lived there for two years.
  9.   _________ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
  10. I couldn't eat ________ I was very hungry.            

 

 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
To the Evening Star To the Evening Star By William Blake   About the Poet William Blake was born in London, England, on the 28th of November, 1757, to a middle-class family of artisans (a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand).He was the third of seven children. The Bible had a great influence on Blake as a child. William Blake was a very versatile (multitalented) person, being a poet, engraver (someone who cuts designs or words on metal, glass, or wood), painter and printmaker as well as visionary (a person with original ideas about what the future will or could be like). Some consider Blake ‘far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced’. Blake is generally acclaimed for his powerful expression and creativity.  The Poem TO THE EVENING STAR Thou fair-hair'd angel of the evening, Now, whilst the sun rests on the mountains, light Thy bright torch of love; thy radiant crown Put on, and smile upon our even...
Read more
Image
Novel Introduction Definition of a novel   A lengthy fictional narrative in prose dealing with characters  incidents and settings that imitate those found in real life   Usually the novel is concerned with the depiction of middle class and working class characters engaged in ordinary pursuits.   Novels  vary in type form and subject matter so much that it is difficult to put the novel into a neat classification.     Elements of the novel   Setting Plot Character and Characterization Methods of Characterization Theme/s Point of View    Setting " The general locale , time in history or social milieu , where the action of a work of literature takes place. When the setting is used as a dominant influence on the lives of characters it is said to give local colour to the narrative. Local colour or regionalism can be noticed in the manners and customs of the characters as well as in creating a unique and p...
Read more

Literature - G.C. E. (O/L) Poems on Life -The Clown's Wife

Image
The Clown’s Wife by Johnson Agard  Quick overview about the poet Johnson Agard was born in British Guiana (now called Guyana) in the Caribbean, in 1949. He moved to the UK in late 1970 and is well known for powerful and fun performance of his work. He went on to study English, French and Latin at A-level, writing his first poetry when he was in sixth-form, and left school in 1967. He taught the languages he had studied and worked in a local library. He was also a sub-editor and feature writer for the Guyana Sunday Chronicle, publishing two books while he was still in Guyana. His awards included the 1997 Paul Hamlyn Award for Poetry, the Cholmondeley Award in 2004 and the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry in 2012 He lives in Lewes, East Sussex   We are going to discuss another poem. It is about a clown and we learn about the clown through  the voice of the clown's...
Read more